5/10/2023 0 Comments Word for unrealistic optimismOne reason for this is that they tend to be overoptimistic regarding their own online safety. Individual internet users are commonly considered the weakest links in the cybersecurity chain. Further research may benefit from more multidisciplinary, descriptive, and inductive approaches, and contextual studies within maritime cyber risk perception can contribute to develop targeted tools for risk mitigation to enhance safety at sea. This can indicate that the dimensions differ across populations and professions, creating grounds for why context-specific studies are important. ![]() Cyber risk perception is a complex research-area where both determinative factors and other cognitive processes can be influenced by each other. The nine dimensions in the psychometric model, perceived benefit and the optimistic bias is presented and discussed in a maritime context. Research within the area of maritime cyber security is increasing, however, no studies relevant for our literature review were found within the maritime domain. The search process resulted in 25 relevant articles which describes 24 dimensions of cyber risk perception in different online environments. Okoli and Schabram’s eight-step guide to plan, select, extract, and execute a systematic literature review is used as guidance. The focus will be on determinative dimensions within the psychometric paradigm and cognitive biases, and to give recommendations on further research within these fields. This paper aims to present an approach to investigate cyber risk perception with use of recognized psychological models, and to give an overview of state-of-the-art research within the field of cyber risk perception in general and in the context of the maritime domain. Implications for both social perception and optimism research are discussed. More important, we show that, within desirable and undesirable events, respondents anchored their judgments for the in-group member on their personal experience with the target events, further revealing an egocentric bias, but turned to stereotypical knowledge in the form of warmth and competence to judge out-group members. We show that respondents manifested a strong desirability bias, expecting more desirable than undesirable events for the in-group member and the reverse pattern for the extreme out-group member. Second, we wanted to investigate whether stereotypes of warmth and competence could influence the respondents’ likelihood estimates for each character. event frequency, controllability, emotional intensity and personal experience with the event. First, we wanted to balance the target desirable and undesirable events on four key characteristics, i.e. ![]() ![]() We then asked respondents to assess the likelihood of each character experiencing a series of identical desirable and undesirable events in order to uncover potential optimistic biases. one in-group member (high on both warmth and competence) and three out-group members (high warmth, low competence high competence, low warmth low on both warmth and competence). In this study, we created four fictional characters that would map onto each quadrant of the two-dimensional space of warmth and competence, i.e. Furthermore, interpersonal perception generally forms along two universal dimensions, i.e. People can be overly optimistic not only about their own future but also for the people with whom they identify.
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